中华文化论坛

中国古代从海上亲访印尼的旅行者,依照时间排序,有东晋法显、唐代义净、元代汪大渊、明代郑和通事马欢等。本文基于他们留下的弥足珍贵的第一手历史记述,对古代中国探访印尼的旅行者集中分析,指出这些旅行者的身份呈现多元化,包括僧侣、海商、外交使者;古代中国人旅行印尼的历史过程,经历了从僧侣到商人,再到使者的三次延替;中国旅行者的印尼游记内容丰富,构成了印尼的历史记忆,保存了航海、宗教、地理环境与风土人文资料,具有极高的史料价值,有助于推进我们对古代海上丝绸之路的认知。

Chronologically maritime travelers from China to Indonesia in ancient times include Fa Xian in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Yi Jing in the Tang Dynasty, Wang Dayuan in the Yuan Dynasty, and Ma Huan, Zheng He's interpreter, in the Ming Dynasty. Based on their precious first-hand travel accounts, this paper analyzes these Chinese tourists in ancient Indonesia. It highlights the diversity of their identity, which includes monks, maritime merchants, and diplomats, and finds that historically the maritime traveling experiences from ancient China to Indonesia extend and replace three times from monks to merchants, and then to diplomats. The writing of the Chinese travelers contributes and develops the rich historical memory of Indonesia, providing abundant historical, maritime and religious resources, and highly valuable and informative geographical environmental and local cultural materials. It also helps us understand better the ancient Maritime Silk Road.