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扬雄著述大体可分为两部分:一是成书,一是散篇。成书包括《太玄》《法言》《方言》《蜀王本纪》,除《蜀王本纪》外,余则保存较完整;散篇情况比较复杂:一是完篇流传,二是残篇,三是存目。另一方面,扬雄在著述活动中崇尚模拟,这一行为之产生与其独有的"述作"观念有关。扬雄在"述作"问题上提出在义理方面是"述",是继承;在文辞上是"作",是创新。这是一个不同于他人而又很有意思的说法,显现扬雄在文献创制上的一种新的认知态度。对于扬雄的效仿,应该看到他效仿的主要是经典的体式,或者说文体,至于内容则大体出于他个人的创制。在文体方面扬雄在效仿之同时也有创造,从而为后来的文体生成积累可贵的实践经验。
Abstract：Yang Xiong's writings can be divided into two parts: one is for book, one is for prose. Books include "Taixuan", "Fayan", "Fangyan", "Shuwangb enji", in addition to "Shuwangbenji", the rest of the books are kept relatively complete; prose articles are more complex: some are completely preserved, and some are residual articles, some are lists. On the other hand, Yang Xiong advocates the simulation in his activities, the behavior is related to its unique "narrative" concept. In the "narrative",on the issue of justice,it is equal to inheriting; But in the rhetoric, it is a innova-tion. This is different from others, and showing a new cognitive attitude of Yang Xiong in the literature creation. For Yang Xiong's emulation, we should realize the classic styles he follows, and the content is generally from his personal creation. In the stylistic aspects, Yang Xiong also has creations, which becomes valuable practical experiences.
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(1)徐复观先生说:“扬雄中年后虽自悔作赋,但在作赋时对文句所用的功力既深,所以在写《太玄》写《法言》时,虽然力图摆脱赋体的铺排繁缛,但用奇字,造新句,不使稍近庸俗的文学家习性,依然发生主导的作用。”(见徐氏著《两汉思想史》第二卷,第308页)徐氏注意到扬雄《法言》与其赋在用词方面的关联,但对于二者形式上的联系似未措意。
基本信息:
中图分类号:I206.2
引用信息:
[1]夏德靠.论扬雄的著述活动及文体实践[J].中华文化论坛,2017,No.137(09):5-15+191.
基金信息:
2017年国家社科基金一般项目“两汉语类文献生成及文体研究”(项目编号:17BZW079)阶段性成果之一