中华文化论坛

晚清以降，中国在“西学东渐”浪潮中遭遇知识范式与价值体系的双重危机。严复以译介西学为枢纽，通过“术语立法—概念重构—范式创新”的三重转译机制，创造性地转化西方进化论、自由主义等思想，并融合中国传统“气论”“群学”等资源，构建了以“天演哲学”为核心的自主知识体系。严复的转译实践不仅是语言层面的改写，更是一次以本土问题意识为导向、以知识主权为旨归的“范式立法”。其核心贡献在于：术语立法，以“信达雅”原则创制“天演”“群学”等符号，解决西方概念本土化难题；概念重构，以“中西会通”逻辑打通“质力相推”（宇宙论）、“性习相成”（生物论）、“群己权界”（社会论）三重维度；范式制度化，推动知识权力从个人实践（译名创制）跃迁至国家工程。严复的转译实践为近代中国自主知识体系的构建奠定了“符号—概念—制度”基础，对当今构建自主知识体系具有重要借鉴意义。

Since the late Qing Dynasty, China encountered dual crises in knowledge paradigms and value systems amid the wave of “Western Learning Spreading East”. Yan Fu, centering on the translation and introduction of Western knowledge, creatively transformed Western theories such as evolutionism and liberalism through a triple translative mechanism of “terminology creation—conceptual reconstruction—paradigm innovation”. By integrating traditional Chinese resources like the thoughts of “qi” and “qun”, he constructed an independent knowledge system with “Evolutionary Philosophy” at its core. This paper systematically argues that Yan Fu's translative practice was not merely a linguistic adaptation but also a “paradigmatic creation” guided by local problematics and aimed at reclaiming intellectual sovereignty. His core contributions include: terminology creation, creating localized symbols such as “tian yan(天演)” and “qun xue(群学)” based on the principles of “xin, da, ya(信达雅)”, resolving the challenge of conceptual localization; conceptual reconstruction, bridging three dimensions—“interaction of matter and force”(cosmology), “cultivation of nature and habit”(biology) and “boundaries between individual and collective rights”(sociology)—through the logic of “Sino-Western integration”; institutionalization of paradigms, elevating knowledge power from individual practice(coinage of translated terms) to a national project. Yan Fu's translative practice laid the symbolic—conceptual—institutional foundation for constructing an independent knowledge system in modern China, offering methodological insights for contemporary efforts in this regard.