中华文化论坛

《三国志》记录了三国这个中国历史上非凡的时代,体现了史家实事求是的传统,用最小的篇幅塑造出给人印象极深的人物,不但表达了陈寿对蜀汉政权的感情,也展现了陈寿高超的写作技巧。陈寿对诸葛亮军事才能的评价,关系到陈寿作为史学家的"史德"问题。除去加在陈寿身上的不实之词,客观地分析他对诸葛亮军事才能的评价,可以发现他对诸葛亮的评价是客观、公允的,并没有贬低诸葛亮。陈寿不仅有"史才",也不失"史德",不愧为班马之后第一人。

Sima Qian and Chen Shou both recorded history, while enduring humiliation. Sima Qian wrote a great historic book "to thoroughly research the relation between man and nature, explore the changes of the past and the present, and express independent thoughts in writing to form a school of his own", after experiencing castration(a punishment in ancient China). Chen Shou also wrote an ever-lasting famous historic book after his state was conquered. The Records of the Three Kingdoms is a historical masterpiece that has high historical and realistic values and will go down in history. It records this extraordinary period of Three Kingdoms in Chinese history and reflects the tradition of "seeking truth from facts" among historians. It creates impressive figures in the minimum space, which shows Chen Shou's care about Shu-Han regime as well as his superior writing skills. The Records of the Three Kingdoms provides complete, comprehensive and systematic information for us to know and research the history of the Three Kingdoms. With the notes of Pei Songzhi, it is really "detailed". The Romance of the Three Kingdoms was written on the basis of the Records of the Three Kingdoms. In analyzing Chen Shou's evaluation on Zhuge Liang's military expertise, it is necessary to consider Chen Shou's "virtue of historical study" as a historian. Chen Shou should have lost the virtues as a historian if he belittled Zhuge Liang for the purpose of personal revenge and rewrote history at will to "obtain grain", as discussed in the Book of Jin: Biography of Chen Shou. However, it can be found after objective analysis for his evaluation on Zhuge Liang's military expertise, regardless of misstatements concerning Chen Shou, that he didn't belittle Zhuge Liang and instead objectively and fairly evaluated Zhuge Liang. Chen Shou has both the "talent as a historian" and the "virtue of historical study", and deserves to be deemed as the "First Great Man" in the post age of Ban Gu and Sima Qian.